How sustainable and profitable is Black Soldier Fly farming for both small- and large-scale farmers in Rwanda and how can it be optimized?
In this bachelor's thesis, we examined the sustainability and profitability of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) farming in Rwanda, distinguishing between small- and large-scale farmers. Based on our findings, we also drafted a set of recommendations. BSF larvae offer an affordable, protein-rich feed for livestock, which is crucial given rising costs of conventional feeds. Our research confirms that BSF farming is a sustainable practice with promising returns. To support further growth, we especially recommend optimising production processes and strengthening collaboration among small-scale farmers. Such cooperation will help them work more efficiently and magnify their impact.
How this bachelor's thesis contributes to sustainability?
Our research examined the sustainability and profitability of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) farming in Rwanda. BSF larvae are protein-rich, affordable livestock feed that grow on organic waste without competing with human food. We interviewed farmers and experts and worked on BSF farms to gather a range of perspectives.
Rwanda faces poverty and food insecurity. Many people rely on livestock, but rising protein prices make adequate feed increasingly difficult. BSF farming offers a sustainable solution: it converts waste into high-quality protein while requiring minimal land and water. Rwanda's naturally warm climate removes the need for extra energy.
We assessed BSF farming across five sustainability dimensions: people, planet, profit, partnership and food security, and found it to be ecologically and economically promising. Both small- and large-scale farmers can make a profit. Using a profitability calculator we developed, smallholders could earn up to 3 000 000 RWF per month, with payback in under one month.
To support successful implementation, we produced a recommendations report and a manual. We advise smallholders to collaborate and share investments.
BSF farming contributes to multiple SDGs, including poverty reduction, food security, economic growth and climate action. It also drives waste reduction and a circular economy. Our study shows that BSF farming is not only feasible in Rwanda but holds promise for other developing countries facing similar challenges. BSF can provide a foundation for a more sustainable future.
Thesis by
Lani Vints & Lara Huys - bachelor's degree in Business Management, specialisation in Environmental and Sustainability Management
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